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Investigators have hypothesized many reasons for irregularity in the ENSO
cycle. These are loosely grouped into four categories: (1) noise internal to
either the atmosphere or ocean and independent of the coupling between that
media; (2) inherent nonlinearity of the coupled atmosphere/ocean system (or
in the coupling itself); (3) changes in the external forcing; (4)
interactions between ENSO and the seasonal cycle (discussed in section 3.3).
U.S. National Report to IUGG, 1991-1994
Rev. Geophys. Vol. 33
Suppl., © 1995 American Geophysical Union