The ionosphere's wild ride in outer space

J.L. Horwitz

Department of Physics and Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, The University of Alabama in Huntsville

• Introduction
• Polar and cleft plasma outflows
• Outer plasmasphere/ring current dynamics and interactions
• Predictions and evidence for ionospheric plasma flows into the ring current, plasma sheet and low-latitude boundary layer
• Conclusion
• References